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Ways to Organize Information for
More Effectively Understanding and Remembering
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Knowledge Structures and Critical Thinking
Skills
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Questions for Review and Key Words Found in
Essay Questions
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Ways to Organize Ideas Visually
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Knowledge: Recalling facts
or observation; description
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Who, what, when, where, why?
Key words: define, identify, label, list, locate, name, describe steps,
process, or sequence. |
List, definition, formula, illustration, diagram,
map, plans, table, graph, chart, timeline, or flowchart. |
| Comprehension:
Providing evidence of understanding by describing and/or clarifying
concepts, events, or relationships between ideas. |
Why, how?
Key words: explain, clarify, discuss, illustrate, summarize, restate,
infer, give an example, provide an analogy, classify, categorize,
explain the importance or significance of...
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Summary, example, analogy, web, tree, classification
table, feature analysis grid, graph, matrix, index, outline. |
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Application: Demonstrating
use for information, concepts, or techniques.
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If...then? What is...? How would you
apply...?
Key words: demonstrate, apply. |
Describe procedure or process using: algorithm, chronology, flow
chart, plan, procedure, action chart, cycle chart, parts-function
table.
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| Analysis:
Examining in detail, identifying motives or causes,
making inferences, finding evidence to support generalizations, decision
making. |
Why...? What can you conclude…? What
evidence can you find to support...?
Key words: select, propose, sort, analyze, compare/contrast, explain,
identify, prove, categorize, deduct, substantiate. |
Break down into parts: Venn diagram, flow chart, fishbone diagram,
troubleshooting chart, decision tree, parts-function table, stage
table.
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Synthesis: Solving problems,
making predictions and/or producing original representations, decision
making.
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Can you give an example of...? How will
we solve...? What will happen...? How can we improve...?
Key words: interpret, predict, hypothesize, .apply. |
Troubleshooting chart, line graph, cycles, Venn diagram, illustration,
decision tree.
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Evaluation: Giving opinions about issues, judging the validity
of ideas, judging the quality of art and other products; justifying
opinions and ideas.
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Do you agree...? Do you believe...? What is your opinion...? Do
you think...? Why? Would it be better if...? Which...did you like?
Why?
Key words: evaluate, rank, rate, judge, criticize, debate, conclude.
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Grid, rating chart, table. |
Adapted from:
Reading for Success, by Raymond F. Morgan, Mark A. Forget and Joseph
C. Antinarella. Cincinatti: South-Western, 1996.
Technical Communication by Rebecca E. Burnett, Wordsworth Publishing,
1990
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Developed by Meg Keeley
Special Populations
Office, Bucks County Community College
With funding from the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied
Technology Education Act
Designed and Produced by Chimera Studio
Copyright 1997 Bucks County Community College. All rights
reserved.
Author: keeleym@bucks.edu
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